The narrative around artificial intelligence has long been dominated by bigger equals better. Models with trillions of parameters, trained on internet-scale datasets, powered by massive GPU clusters—these were the benchmarks of progress. But something interesting is happening at the other end of the spectrum. Small models—measured in billions, not trillions of parameters—are proving they can…
Exploring GLM 5.1, the new open-source frontier AI model from Z.AI that challenges proprietary systems with 1,700-step autonomous agent capabilities.
Did Anthropic just send a warning shot to all Agent builders? Impacts to OpenRouter, Cursor, Agent Zero, and OpenClaw For a while, many people used Claude models through third-party tools as if a normal subscription was enough to power everything. That is changing fast. Anthropic has now clarified that Claude subscription access is meant for…
ALthough not much has changed, I am revisiting this topic ( Original 2024 post: What are LLMS ) as it has been a while, players and concepts are clearer now, Hope this helps! What Exactly Is a Foundational Model? A foundational model is a powerful, general-purpose system trained on enormous amounts of information, designed to…
When you hear about the latest large language models (LLMs)—like GPT-4, Claude, or Gemini—it’s easy to feel overwhelmed by their sheer scale. These models contain billions, sometimes trillions, of parameters. This incredible size is what gives them their broad capabilities—from writing code and summarizing texts to answering complex questions and creating poetry. But that scale…
Back in August I wrote about The Launch of GPT-5: A New Leap in AI Intelligence and before that OpenAI Slashes o3 Model Prices by 80%: What It Means This time I am writing about how the very confusing naming convention OpenAI Models is now consolidating into one. For years, developers and businesses have managed…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer just a buzzword for small and medium businesses (SMBs)—it’s rapidly becoming central to how they operate, compete, and grow. The past two weeks have brought a surge of news and studies highlighting AI’s transformative effects. Here’s what’s most important for SMBs right now. Check out my Resources for Learning…
Just a few weeks back Open AI slashed the prices for using several of their existing models. This past week, on August 7, 2025, OpenAI officially launched GPT-5, the latest and most advanced iteration of its flagship language model. This release marks a significant milestone in artificial intelligence, with GPT-5 introducing unified advanced reasoning and…
This is an update or maybe an addendum to my previous blog: Selecting the Right AI Model for Your Needs (2025 Guide) Really good news: OpenAI has just reduced the price of their very capable o3 model by a staggering 80%. This means you can now access one of the most advanced reasoning models for…
Written with the help of my research assistant: Perplexity.ai AI has become an essential part of my daily routine, powering everything from research and writing to automating tasks, brainstorming ideas, and even satisfying my curiosity. It’s been an incredible ride of learning and discovery, opening up new ways to solve problems and approach creative projects….
You don’t need a supercomputer to run AI models, but the right software makes all the difference. Here are some options to get you started on your local AI journey. AI is no longer exclusive to data centers and cloud services. With the right software and a decent PC, you can run powerful AI models…
I did a general “understanding AI” session yesterday and one of the participants asked me an interesting question, which I do not think I have been asked before… What is the different between LLMs and what makes them unique and different from each other. I thought it was a very valid question as Huggin face…
Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing and artificial intelligence. These powerful models enable applications like language translation, text summarization, and content generation. The world of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be intimidating, especially with the associated costs. However, there are plenty of free and low-cost options available for those…
LLM quantization is the process of reducing the precision of numbers used to represent a model’s weights, typically converting from 32-bit floating point (FP32) to smaller formats like 8-bit integers (INT8) or 4-bit integers (INT4). Think of it like compressing a high-resolution image to a smaller file size while trying to maintain as much quality…
This one is a fun one! Who would have ever though Ryan Gosling could explain LLMs! Well – with an deep-fake technology an ElevenLabs and SyncLabs — There are many impressive things here (including deep-fake Ryan’s long, long arm) 🙂 the comments are also very funny If you go past the deep-fake aspects of this…
This is something that I have heard many times over the last few months that needs a bit of explanation… ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer) is an application of a Large Language Model (LLM). It is an AI-powered application that enables human-like conversations and other text-based tasks. ChatGPT and other bots like it (see below)…
Using AI Agents in a sequential matter, prompt after prompt, reading and correcting based on result can be repetitive and tiresome. AutoGen can help!
A Large Language Model (LLM) and a Foundational model are related but distinct concepts in the field of natural language processing. The main difference lies in their specialization and use cases. A foundational model is a general-purpose language model, while an LLM is a language model fine-tuned for specific conversational applications. The LLC builds upon…
Written by Microsoft Copilot 1. Transformer Architecture Both ChatGPT and LLMs share a common foundation: the transformer architecture. This powerful neural network structure has revolutionized natural language processing tasks. Its attention mechanisms allow for context-aware understanding, making it ideal for language modeling12. 2. Emergent Properties As LLMs grow in size (often surpassing 50 to 100…
